One of the first examples of spatial analysis is from epidemiology. Dr John Snow investigated the cholera outbreak in 1854 in London. He postulated that cholera was transmitted through drinking water and not air. He noticed that the outbreak was centered on Broad Street public drinking pump.
## Linking to GEOS 3.8.0, GDAL 3.0.4, PROJ 6.3.1
## Units: [m]
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] 0.00 312184.9 128341.85 475623.3
## [2,] 440561.15 114939.7 590434.80 0.0
## [3,] 18944.03 352719.1 78756.89 517527.8
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [2,] TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [3,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [4,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## Reading layer `Hazardous_Waste_Sites' from data source
## `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/barguzin/spatial_analysis/master/haz.geojson'
## using driver `GeoJSON'
## Simple feature collection with 2577 features and 22 fields
## Geometry type: POINT
## Dimension: XY
## Bounding box: xmin: -84.02775 ymin: 33.89647 xmax: -75.60355 ymax: 36.53089
## Geodetic CRS: WGS 84
## LOC_COUNTY n
## 1 MECKLENBURG 321
## 2 GUILFORD 243
## 3 WAKE 240
## 4 FORSYTH 139
## 5 DURHAM 121
## 6 NEW HANOVER 78
## 7 BUNCOMBE 77
## 8 CATAWBA 69
## 9 CUMBERLAND 60
## 10 GASTON 60